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目的:通过重复性实验观察75 %VO2 max强度有氧运动对人体红细胞形态、粘度、聚集性和变形能力的影响。方法:正式实验前1周测定受试者的最大摄氧量。受试者间隔1周以75 %VO2 max强度完成1次蹬功率自行车运动1小时,每次运动前安静时和运动后即刻采静脉血测定全血粘度(高、中、低切)、血浆粘度(PV)、红细胞压积(Hct)、红细胞变形指数(TK)、聚集指数(RCA)和刚性指数(VR) ,扫描电镜(SEM)下观察红细胞微观形态变化。结果:3次实验均表明,75 %VO2 max强度运动可以使全血粘度各切变率、红细胞压积、变形指数、聚集指数和刚性指数显著增高;红细胞形态由双凹圆盘状变为单侧凹陷边缘肿胀的Ⅰ型口形红细胞或凹陷加深另一侧隆起似礼帽状的Ⅱ型口形红细胞。结论:1小时75 %VO2 max强度有氧运动后红细胞粘度、聚集性增大,压积升高,红细胞失去正常形态,变形能力下降,从而影响其正常的携带氧气和二氧化碳的功能。
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of 75% VO2 max intensity aerobic exercise on human erythrocyte morphology, viscosity, aggregation and deformability by repeated experiments. Methods: The maximum oxygen uptake of the subjects was determined one week before the formal experiment. Participants completed one cycle of power cycling for 1 hour with 75% VO2 max intensity at 1 week intervals. Venous blood was collected for measurement of whole blood viscosity (high, medium and low), plasma viscosity (PV), hematocrit (Hct), erythrocyte deformability index (TK), aggregation index (RCA) and rigidity index (VR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) Results: All the three experiments showed that 75% VO2 max exercise could significantly increase the whole shear viscosity, hematocrit, deformation index, aggregation index and rigidity index of erythrocytes; Type I mouth erythrocytes with swollen margins on the side depressions or type II lipocytes that underlie bow-cap-like uplifts on the other side. CONCLUSION: After 1 hour and 75% VO2 max intensity aerobic exercise, erythrocyte viscosity, agglomeration increased, and the pressure increased. The erythrocytes loses their normal morphology and their deformability decreases, thus affecting their normal function of carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide.