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为了确定文蛤增殖苗种适宜的底质和温度等环境条件,为文蛤增殖放流生境的选择及适宜性评价提供数据依据,采用现场实验方法观察了文蛤潜砂行为变化规律,分析了底质、温度及盐度等对文蛤潜砂率及潜砂深度的影响。结果表明:文蛤的潜砂过程可分为潜砂准备期、潜砂期和潜砂结束期3个阶段,其中潜砂期包括伸出水管及斧足、竖壳、潜砂3个主要过程;壳长1和2 cm文蛤个体在砂质底质中的潜砂准备时间分别为46.1和18.6min,潜砂时间分别为7.6和4.0 min;砂质底质是文蛤的最适宜底播底质;文蛤潜砂的适宜温度范围为15~25℃,在此温度范围内文蛤的潜砂率均较高,超过80%,且潜砂深度随着温度的升高而呈下降的趋势;文蛤潜砂的最适盐度为26,盐度过高或过低都会对文蛤潜砂行为产生一定的阻碍作用。综合考虑各项因素,应选择在15~25℃及盐度为26条件下,在砂质底质的海区投放壳长2 cm左右的文蛤苗进行增殖放流,从而最大程度地提高文蛤增殖放流效果。
In order to determine the proper substrate and temperature conditions for the proliferation of M. clam, provide the data basis for the selection and suitability evaluation of M. clam proliferation and habitat, and observe the behavior of the sand with the field experiment method. The effects of sediment, temperature And salinity on the sand rate and the potential depth of sand. The results show that the sand process of the clam can be divided into three stages: the preparation of the latent sand, the stage of the latent sand and the end of the stage of the latent sand, including three main processes of extending the water pipe, The preparation time of sand for 1 and 2 cm clams in sandy soils was 46.1 and 18.6 min respectively, and the time for latent sand was 7.6 and 4.0 min, respectively. The sandy soils were the most suitable substrates for sea clams. The suitable temperature range of clam sand is 15 ~ 25 ℃, and the latent sand rate of clams is higher than 80% in this temperature range, and the depth of the subsurface sand tends to decrease with the increase of temperature. The optimum salinity is 26, the salinity is too high or too low will have certain hinder sand clam behavior. Considering all the factors, it is suggested that the propagation and release should be carried out in the sea area of sandy sediment at the temperature of 15 ~ 25 ℃ and the salinity of 26, so as to maximize the effect of proliferation and release .