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在情报、图书、档案工作中常使用“文献”和“文件”这两个名词。它们都是记录传递信息的工具,但在概念上却有区别。“文献”一词,见于我国元代。当时有马端临著《文献通考》。他之所以称为“文献”,是指他们依据的材料,“一为书本的记载,即‘文’也,一为学士名流的议论,即‘献’也。”到了近代,“文献”一词通常泛指一切有历史价值和参考价值的用书资料。在情报学中,把含有情报资料的载体称为文献。含有原始性情报资料的称一次文献,处理一次文献的工作称为文献加工,加工后的产品称为二次文献。
In intelligence, books, archives work often use the “document” and “document” two terms. They are all tools that record the transmission of information, but are conceptually different. The word “literature”, found in the Yuan Dynasty in our country. At that time, there was a horse facing the “literature pass test.” The reason why he called “literature” refers to the material on which they are based: “One is the record of the book, that is, the” wen ", and the other is the argument of a famous bachelor, ie, Word generally refers to all the historical value and reference value of the book information. In information science, the carrier that contains intelligence information is called literature. A document containing the original intelligence information, the processing of a document known as the literature processing, processing of the product known as the second document.