《威尼斯商人》是莎士比亚早期最有代表性的喜剧作品。剧中塑造了一个性格鲜明的典型形象——犹太族的高利贷者夏洛克,作者讽刺和批判了他的贪婪、残暴和冷酷。而剧中与之对立的另一个形象——经营海外贸易的商人资本家安东尼奥,作者则把他塑造成善良、正直的正面形象。高利贷资本和商人资本本来都是“中世纪已经留下的两种不同形式的资本”(马克思:《资本论》第1卷,第818页),为什么在作者笔下褒贬如此不同?这需要考察一下作者所处的时代环境。莎士比亚创作的早期正当英国伊丽莎白女王统治的极盛时期。这时,英国建成了统一的民族国家。由于中央集权的专制王朝执行了有利于资本主义工商业发展的政策,资本主义得到了初步发展。对外战争的胜利和对殖 “Merchant of Venice” is Shakespeare’s most representative early comedy. Shakespeare, a Jewish loan shark, has created a typical character with a distinctive character. The author satirizes and criticizes his greed, cruelty and cruelty. And the opposite of the play, Antony, a merchant-capitalist who runs overseas trade, has the author shaped him into a positive, positive image. The loan-sharking capital and the merchant’s capital were both “two different forms of capital left in the Middle Ages” (Marx: Capital, Vol. 1, p. 818). Why is it so different from the author’s testimony? In the era of environment. Shakespeare’s creation of the early legitimate British Queen Elizabeth reign of the heyday. At this time, Britain built a unified nation state. Capitalism has been initially developed as a result of the centralized autocratic dynasty implementing the policy conducive to the development of capitalist industry and commerce. Victory and Reproduction of the Foreign Wars