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道路是城市交通的命脉。随着工业生产的发展,城市人口的增多、用地规模的扩大与各类车辆的剧增,交通对道路系统的压力、城市居民出行安全及环境污染的影响,已日益成为城市发展中的严重问题。以国外的一些大城市为例:纽约市市区人口850万,汽车集中达370万辆;巴黎、东京两地市区人口均超过800万,汽车也分别达到300万辆和260万辆以上;英国的伦敦人口虽不到800万,但汽车却也达到240万辆以上,加上有的国家尚有以几十万辆计的自行车在城市分区道路上骑行。由于各种不同速度车流与行人往来的相互干扰,已经导致交通阻塞、事故频繁、道路通行能力严重下降。据不完全统计,70年代初美国就已经达到平均每十分钟就有一人死于车祸;日本每年因交通事故死伤的人数也曾达到过90余万人,因车辆噪音、废气污染影响居民健康、工作效率的经济损失就更不可忽略了。
Road is the lifeblood of urban transport. With the development of industrial production, the increase of urban population, the expansion of the scale of land use, the sharp increase of various types of vehicles, the pressure of traffic on the road system, the travel safety of urban residents and environmental pollution have increasingly become serious problems in urban development . Take some big cities abroad as an example: New York City has a population of 8.5 million and a car population of 3.7 million. The urban population in Paris and Tokyo has exceeded 8 million and the number of cars reaches 3 million and 2.6 million respectively. Although the population of London in England is less than 8 million, the number of cars in the city is more than 2.4 million. In addition, some countries still have bicycles on several hundred thousand vehicles riding on urban roads. Due to the mutual interference of traffic flows and pedestrians at different speeds, traffic congestion has been caused, incidents have been frequent and the capacity of roads has been severely degraded. According to incomplete statistics, in the early 1970s, the United States has reached an average of one death every 10 minutes in a car accident. The number of deaths and injuries caused by traffic accidents in Japan has reached more than 900,000 annually. As a result of vehicle noise and exhaust pollution affecting the health of residents, The economic loss of work efficiency should not be neglected.