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目的了解2011—2015年云南省野生蕈中毒事件的发生趋势和流行病学特征,为制定野生蕈中毒防控措施提供科学依据。方法对2011—2015年通过国家“食源性疾病暴发监测系统”上报的食用野生蕈中毒事件进行整理分析。结果 2011—2015年云南省通过国家“食源性疾病暴发监测系统”共报告野生蕈中毒事件868起,中毒3 789人,死亡126人,病死率为3.3%,分别占同期云南省食物中毒事件相应统计项总数的57.9%(868/1 498)、25.1%(3 789/15 093)、57.3%(126/220)。其中2015年中毒事件报告数、中毒人数、死亡人数均为最多,分别占5年总报告数的43.0%(373/868)、41.4%(1 570/3 789)和26.2%(33/126);6~8月为报告中毒起数、中毒人数和死亡人数的高峰,分别占总报告数的87.8%(762/868)、86.1%(3 262/3 789)和87.3%(110/126);报告起数和中毒人数居前三位的州市为楚雄、文山和玉溪,报告死亡人数居前三位的州市为文山、临沧和昭通;农村野生蕈中毒危害水平高于城镇,中毒起数占67.7%(588/868),中毒人数占64.1%(2 429/3 789),死亡人数占85.7%(108/126);家庭是野生蕈中毒高发的场所,中毒起数、中毒人数、死亡人数分别占5年总报告数的92.1%(799/868)、86.0%(3 258/3 789)和93.6%(118/126);误食误用和加工不当是引发野生蕈中毒的主要因素,由于误食误用和加工不当引发中毒的事件分别占53.6%(465/868)和45.3%(393/868)、中毒人数分别占54.7%(2 074/3 789)和44.4%(1 681/3 789)、死亡人数分别占82.5%(104/126)和16.7%(21/126)。结论野生蕈中毒是云南省危害较为严重的公共卫生事件,应采取有效措施对高发季节、高发地区、高发场所进行重点监测和管理。加强野生蕈中毒的相关研究和事件调查处置,做好野生蕈相关科普宣传等,是预防和控制野生蕈中毒事件的有效措施。
Objective To understand the trend and epidemiological characteristics of wild mushroom poisoning in Yunnan Province from 2011 to 2015 and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control measures of wild mushroom poisoning. Methods We analyzed and sorted the edible wild mushroom poisoning reported by the National Foodborne Disease Outbreak Monitoring System from 2011 to 2015. Results From 2011 to 2015, Yunnan Province reported a total of 868 cases of wild mushroom poisoning through the National System of Outbreak Surveillance of Foodborne Diseases, causing 3 789 toppings and 126 deaths with a case fatality rate of 3.3% 57.9% (868/1 498), 25.1% (3 789/15 093), 57.3% (126/220) of the corresponding total number of poisoning incidents. Among them, the number of poisoning incidents, the number of poisoned persons and the death toll were the highest in 2015, accounting for 43.0% (373/868), 41.4% (1570/3789) and 26.2% (33/126) respectively of the 5-year total reports, ; From June to August, they accounted for 87.8% (762/868), 86.1% (3 262/3 789) and 87.3% (110/126) respectively of the total number of reported cases of poisoning, poisoning and deaths, ; The top three counties with reported numbers of occurrences and the highest number of poisoning were Chuxiong, Wenshan and Yuxi; the top three cities with reported death toll were Wenshan, Lincang and Zhaotong; and the levels of wild mushroom poisoning in rural areas were higher than those in cities and towns and poisoning The number of cases accounted for 67.7% (588/868), the number of poisoning accounted for 64.1% (2 429/3 789), and the death toll accounted for 85.7% (108/126). The family was the site of high incidence of wild mushroom poisoning, , Fatalities accounted for 92.1% (799/868), 86.0% (3 258/3 789) and 93.6% (118/126) respectively of the 5-year total reports; misuse and improper handling of mashlings was the cause of wild mushroom poisoning The main factors were 53.6% (465/868) and 45.3% (393/868) respectively due to the misuse of food and the improper processing, and 54.7% (2074/3 789) and 44.4% 1 681/3 789), the death toll accounted for 82.5% (104/126) and 16.7% (21/126). Conclusion Wild mushroom poisoning is a serious public health emergency in Yunnan Province. Effective measures should be taken to monitor and manage the high incidence areas, high incidence areas and high incidence places. Strengthen the research and incident investigation and disposal of wild mushroom poisoning, do well science propaganda of wild mushroom, etc., is an effective measure to prevent and control wild mushroom poisoning.