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目的:了解湘鄂渝黔边区6～16岁苗族学生体质量指数(BMI)分布特征及其营养现状。方法:应用人体测量法测量苗族学生的身高和体质量,利用公式计算体质量指数,并对其分布特征和营养状况进行分析。结果:男女学生BMI值随年龄增长呈现逐年增加趋势,男生年平均增长0.40kg/m2,女生年均增长0.55kg/m2;11岁以前,女生的BMI均值低于男生平均水平,12岁后又高于男生;苗族男学生除了15岁外,各年龄段BMI均高于汉族男生,大多数年龄段有统计学差异(P<0.05);女生各年龄段的BMI值均高于2000年全国汉族学生平均水平(P<0.05),营养不良率和超重肥胖率均低于2005年全国汉族学生平均水平;苗族男生和女生营养状况比较无统计学差异。结论:湘鄂渝黔边区6～16岁苗族学生总体营养状况良好,但仍有营养不良、超重肥胖现象存在,应继续加强中小学生的营养教育。
Objective: To understand the distribution characteristics and nutritional status of body mass index (BMI) of Miao students in Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou border areas. Methods: The height and body mass of Miao students were measured by anthropometric method. The body mass index was calculated by formula and the distribution characteristics and nutritional status of Miao students were analyzed. Results: The BMI of male and female students showed a trend of increasing year by year with an average increase of 0.40kg / m2 for boys and 0.55kg / m2 for girls. Before the age of 11, the average BMI for girls was lower than that for boys. After 12 years of age Miao male students in addition to 15 years of age, BMI in all age groups were higher than Han boys, most of the age groups were statistically significant (P <0.05); girls in all age groups BMI values were higher than in 2000 the national Han The average level of students (P <0.05), malnutrition rates and overweight and obesity rates were lower than the average level of Han nationality students in 2005. There was no significant difference in nutritional status between boys and girls in Miao ethnic groups. Conclusion: The Miao students aged 6-16 in Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou Provinces are generally well-nourished but still suffer from malnutrition and overweight and obesity. Nutritional education among primary and middle school students should continue to be strengthened.