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目的调查2008年5月～2010年4月六安市手足口病病例及其实验室检测结果,分析手足口病的流行特征,为手足口病的防治提供科学依据。方法 2008年5月～2010年4月六安市共报告手足口病病例7 365例,从不同地区、年龄、性别、职业和时间分布进行分析。同时随机采集1份肛拭子、224份咽拭子和9份疱疹液用RT-PCR进行肠道病毒核酸检测。结果每年的3～6月是手足口病发病的高峰期,1～4岁儿童是手足口病发病的重点人群,占发病总人数的76.8%(5 653/7 365)。经RT-PCR检测,2008年采集的标本全为肠道病毒71型(en-terovirus 71,EV71)感染,而2010年1～10月采集标本除EV71和柯萨奇病毒A16型(coxsackievirus A16,CA16)感染外,还有其他肠道病毒感染。7 365例手足口病病例,其中男性5 078例,占68.9%,女性2 287例,占31.1%,男女性别比为2.22∶1。结论 2008年六安市手足口病流行是由EV71引起,而2010年手足口病主要由EV71和CA16,同时还有其他肠道病毒引起。手足口病监测的重点应放在3～6月和1～4岁儿童。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of HFMD in Lu’an from May 2008 to April 2010 and analyze the prevalence of HFMD and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of HFMD. Methods From May 2008 to April 2010, a total of 7 365 cases of hand, foot and mouth disease were reported in Lu’an from different regions, age, sex, occupation and time distribution. At the same time, 1 rectal swab was collected randomly, 224 throat swabs and 9 herpes fluid were detected by RT-PCR. Results From March to June every year, HFMD was the peak incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease. Children aged 1 to 4 years were the key population of hand-foot-mouth disease, accounting for 76.8% (6553/7365) of the total. The specimens collected in 2008 were all infected with en-terovirus 71 (EV71) by RT-PCR. From January to October 2010, all samples collected except EV71 and coxsackievirus A16 CA16) infection, there are other enterovirus infections. 7 365 cases of HFMD, including 5 078 males, accounting for 68.9% and 2 287 females, accounting for 31.1% with a sex ratio of 2.22:1. Conclusion The prevalence of HFMD in Lu’an City in 2008 was caused by EV71. In 2010, HFMD was mainly caused by EV71 and CA16, with other enterovirus infections. Hand, foot and mouth disease monitoring should focus on 3 to 6 months and 1 to 4 years old children.