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本文分析了影响基础设施投资和公用事业运行绩效的因素,认为规制者一般可采取两种直接管制措施:治理结构设计和规制政策(或者激励政策),二者会影响到基础设施产业及公用事业的运转和绩效。除此之外,还有其他因素会影响到公用事业部门的结构、行为和绩效,包括一国的制度状况、规制当局的经验、对风险的认知水平及产业状况。此外,公司治理结构也决定了私人部门和公共部门提供信息的方式以及他们对激励规制措施的反应方式,因而在一定程度上也影响着上述部门的结构、行为及绩效。规制政策的合理性和可信性取决于基础设施产业的绩效在多大程度上与一个国家的现实目标相符合。对基础设施产业发展这样的复杂问题尚没有一个简单的解决办法,但是合理的对外政策(如注重引进外资)也许会对一个国家基础设施产业的发展大有裨益。
This paper analyzes the factors that affect the performance of infrastructure investment and public utilities, and considers that regulators generally can adopt two kinds of direct control measures: governance structure design and regulation policies (or incentive policies), both of which will affect the infrastructure industry and public utilities The operation and performance. In addition, there are other factors that affect the structure, performance and performance of public utilities, including the state of a country’s system, the regulatory authorities’ experience, the level of awareness of risk and the state of the industry. In addition, the corporate governance structure also determines the way in which the private sector and the public sector provide information and how they respond to incentive regulation measures, thus affecting to a certain extent the structure, behavior and performance of these sectors. The rationality and credibility of regulatory policies depend on the extent to which the performance of the infrastructure industry fits with the realistic goals of a country. There is not a simple solution to such complicated issues of infrastructure industry development, but sound foreign policies (such as focusing on the introduction of foreign capital) may greatly benefit the development of a country’s infrastructure industry.