中国是一个统一的多民族的国家。各个民族在创造祖国的历史和灿烂的文化中都做出了自己的贡献。白寿彝先生在《中国通史·导论》中把中国民族的问题作为史书的首要问题提出来,从这样的角度切入,对中国历史作出一系列的理论的概括,反映出先生的深邃的思想,开阔的视野和对历史辩证的思考,从而为我们理解错综复杂的中国历史,认识中国历史的特点以重要的启示。一、民族发展的不平衡性和历史过程的阶段性各个国家、各个民族在历史发展的总过程中,由于具体条件的不同,在政治、经济、文化各个方面有自己的特殊的情形,表现为自己的历史特点。从一个阶段的整体上观察,各个国家、民族的历史发展是有规律的,同时各个国家、民族的发展又是不平衡的。规律性和不 China is a unified multi-ethnic country. All ethnic groups have made their own contributions in the history of creating the motherland and in splendid culture. Mr. Bai Shouyi put forward the issue of Chinese nation as the most important issue of history books in the “General History of China · Introduction”. From such a perspective, he made a series of theoretical summaries of Chinese history, reflecting his profound thoughts and openness Vision and dialectical thinking of history, so as to understand our intricate Chinese history, understanding of the characteristics of Chinese history with an important inspiration. I. Imbalance of national development and stage of historical process In the overall course of historical development, all countries and peoples have their own special circumstances in all aspects of politics, economy and culture due to the differences of specific conditions, which are manifested as follows: Own historical features. From an overall perspective of one stage, the historical development of all countries and nations is regular, and at the same time the development of various countries and nations is unbalanced. Regularity and not