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目的探讨北京市怀柔区新生儿先天性心脏病(简称“先心病”)发病情况、母孕期高危因素,为制定预防措施提供参考依据。方法选取2010-2014年该院确诊为先心病的患儿260例作为病例组,选取同期母亲在该院产科门诊正规产检并具备详细病史和检查结果的300例健康儿作为对照组。了解先心病的类型,对所有研究因素行单因素以及多因素条件Logistic回归分析,筛选出与先心病发生相关的危险因素及保护性因素。结果不良生育史、孕早期有感冒症状、妊娠期糖尿病、高龄产妇(年龄>35岁)、胎位异常、母孕期(主动、被动)吸烟均是引起先心病的相关危险因素(P<0.05),母亲为大专及以上学历为保护性因素(P<0.05)。结论应加强孕期健康教育,提高产前、产后诊治水平,以早期防治先心病,从而有效降低先心病的发病率。
Objective To investigate the incidence of congenital heart disease (referred to as “congenital heart disease”) in Huairou District of Beijing and the risk factors during the first trimester of pregnancy in order to provide a reference for the formulation of preventive measures. Methods A total of 260 children with congenital heart disease (CHD) diagnosed in our hospital from 2010 to 2014 were selected as the case group. 300 healthy children with regular medical examination and detailed medical history and examination results of their mothers during the same period were selected as the control group. To understand the type of congenital heart disease, all factors were studied by single factor and multivariate Logistic regression analysis, screening out the risk factors associated with CHD and protective factors. Results The history of adverse pregnancy, cold symptoms in early pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, advanced maternal age (> 35 years), abnormal fetal position and smoking during the second trimester (both active and passive) were the risk factors for congenital heart disease (P <0.05) Mothers for college and higher education as a protective factor (P <0.05). Conclusion Health education should be strengthened during pregnancy to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of prenatal and postnatal period, so as to prevent and cure congenital heart disease in the early stage, so as to effectively reduce the incidence of congenital heart disease.