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在西方伦理学中,围绕德福关系问题形成的主要理论观点有:功利论、德性论、义务论,与此相关的还有正义论。为摆脱其各自的局限性,可以将上述几种分析框架结合起来,形成综合的伦理学理论框架:道德规则的功利论,旨在按照促进人的幸福的要求选择社会的道德规则体系;道德行为的义务论,旨在将遵守具有幸福指向的道德规则作为人们无条件的道德义务;道德人格的德性论,旨在通过道德人格的提升使个体具有履行无条件道德义务所需要的德性;道德关系的正义论,旨在通过合理的社会关系的建构和调整使社会在总体上达到有德者有福,无德者无福。四个方面有机衔接,从而实现德福统一。
In Western ethics, the main theoretical points formed around the relationship between morality and happiness are: utilitarianism, morality, obligations, and so on. To get rid of their respective limitations, we can combine these kinds of analysis frameworks to form a comprehensive theoretical frame of ethics: the utilitarian theory of moral rules, which aims to select the social moral rules system in accordance with the requirements of promoting human happiness; and moral behavior The purpose of this article is to treat the moral rules with happiness as unconditional moral obligations. The moral theory of moral personality aims to make the individual possess the moral nature needed to fulfill unconditional moral obligations through the promotion of moral personality. The moral relationship The purpose of justice is to bring society as a whole to attain the blessed virtue without any virtue from the construction and adjustment of reasonable social relations. Four aspects of organic convergence, so as to achieve the unity of morality and happiness.