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一、耗散结构理论的提出1864年,德国的物理学家克劳修斯在他的《热的唯动说》一书里,首次提出了熵(entropy)的概念。熵在热力学研究中,是反映一个系统混乱度的状态函数。对于一个孤立的系统而言,它达到平衡时,熵最大,也就是说,熵与系统的混乱度成正向变化关系,与系统的有序化程度成反向变化关系(这里的正向、反向关系不同于正比、反比关系)。一个严格的孤立系统,其自发发展的过程总是向着熵增加的方向进行。而著名的生物进化论提出者达尔文则认为:系统总是不断地从简单到复杂、从低级向高级—也就是向着有序化方向发展。对于这两
First, the theory of dissipative structure put forward In 1864, the German physicist Clausius in his “hot motion” in a book, for the first time put forward the concept of entropy (entropy). Entropy is a state function that reflects the chaos of a system in thermodynamic studies. For an isolated system, when it reaches equilibrium, entropy is the largest, that is to say, entropy and system chaos have a positive relationship with the order of the system, and the degree of order of the system changes inversely (here the positive and negative To the relationship is different from the proportional, inverse relationship). A strictly isolated system, the spontaneous development of the process is always toward the direction of entropy. The well-known biological evolutionists Darwin argues that systems are constantly evolving from simple to complex, from low to high - that is, toward sequencing. For these two