论文部分内容阅读
以３种不同类型大豆杂交组合Ｆ２至Ｆ４代为材料，采用混合选择和系谱选择按成熟期及种粒大小进行集团定向选择，以比较两种方法的选择效果及其与组合类型的关系。结果表明，在野生或半野生组合中，混合选择法选的材料成熟略晚１～２日，平均百粒重较大，且变异系数高；而在栽培组合中系谱法选的材料有成熟略晚、种粒较大倾向，但是两种选择方法均能选出相似的生育期类型及种粒大小类型。大豆种间杂交后代随着向大粒方向选择，植株变矮、茎秆增粗、倒伏性降低、分枝数减少，产量性状得以改善。在Ｆ２代根据植株个体表现进行熟期或种粒大小分组定向选择，这种趋势能有效地保持到高代。在野生或半野生组合中，混合选择法易于选取高产高蛋白个体；在栽培组合中，系谱法易于选取植株形态与产量性状理想的材料。
The F2 to F4 hybrids of three different types of soybean were used as materials to select the grouping by maturity and grain size by mixed selection and pedigree selection to compare the selection effect of the two methods and their relationship with the combination type. The results showed that in the wild or semi-wild combinations, the materials selected by the mixed selection method matured slightly later than 1-2 days, the average hundred-grain weight was larger, and the coefficient of variation was high; however, the materials selected by pedigree were mature in the combinations Late, the seed tends to be larger, but both of the two selection methods can select similar growth period and grain size. Soybean interspecific hybrids offspring with the grain direction to select shorter plants, stalks thicker, lodging reduced, the number of branches reduced, yield traits can be improved. In the F2 generation, the selection of mature or seed size grouping according to the individual performance of the plants can effectively maintain the high generation. In wild or semi-wild combinations, the hybrid selection method is easy to select high-yielding and high-protein individuals. In pedigree combinations, pedigree method is easy to select the material with ideal plant morphology and yield traits.