肺癌在各种癌症死因中高居首位,具有高发病、低生存的特征,它的预后与临床分期密切相关。在高危人群中进行简单而有效的筛查,及时发现早期患者是改善肺癌预后的重要措施。本文从细胞病理学、医学影像学、分子生物学等角度,对国内外近年来在肺癌筛查中,常用早诊方法(筛查工具)的效能进行系统地回顾和展望。 Lung cancer among the highest cause of death in a variety of cancers, with high incidence, low survival characteristics, its prognosis and clinical stage are closely related. Simple and effective screening in high-risk groups, timely detection of early patients is an important measure to improve the prognosis of lung cancer. This review systematically reviews the efficacy of early diagnostic methods (screening tools) in lung cancer screening both at home and abroad from the aspects of cytopathology, medical imaging and molecular biology.