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本文运用投入—产出模型及有关方法,基于出口增加值的视角,对垂直专业化分工和贸易下中国制造业14个部门的比较优势及要素含量进行了实证研究。结果表明,劳动密集型部门的比较优势得到巩固,部分资本、技术密集型部门已具有比较优势,另一些部门的比较劣势得到改善。总体而言,中国制造业各部门资本密集程度正在不断提高,中、高技能劳动时间份额也在逐步增大,这为中国实施《中国制造2025》的战略规划打下了坚实基础。
In this paper, using the input-output model and related methods, based on the export value added perspective, this paper empirically studies the comparative advantages and the content of 14 sectors in China’s manufacturing industry under the vertical specialization and trade. The results show that comparative advantages in labor-intensive sectors have been consolidated, some capital-intensive and technology-intensive sectors already have a comparative advantage and some have weaker comparative disadvantages. In general, the capital intensity of various branches of manufacturing in China is continuously increasing, and the share of medium- and high-skilled labor hours is also on the rise. This has laid a solid foundation for China to implement its strategic plan of “Made in China 2025”.