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与传统中性叔膦配体构建的过渡金属配合物相比,由离子型膦配体配位构建的过渡金属配合物具有典型的离子盐组成特点、独特的电子效应和几何构型。该类配合物中,不仅存在金属和配体间的配位作用,还存在正电荷的强吸电子效应和阴阳离子的静电作用,由此可以产生独特的催化性能。近年来,离子型过渡金属配合物的合成及其均相催化应用成为配位化学和均相催化研究中备受关注的领域。离子型过渡金属配合物的离子盐结构,使其在与室温离子液体溶剂结合使用时,离子型离子配体及其配合物能够严格被锁定在离子液体相,具有避免离子型离子配体及其配合物的流失、抑制其失活、并实现循环使用的优点,也成为均相催化固载化的绿色方法之一。本文综述了近十年发展的一类咪唑鎓基与膦配体中的磷原子毗邻的离子型膦配体的合成,及其相应Rh、Pd、Ru、Pt、Au、Ni、Cu等离子型配合物的构建,并介绍了它们在均相催化反应中的应用。
Compared with the transition metal complexes constructed by traditional neutral tertiary phosphine ligands, the transition metal complexes formed by coordination of ionic phosphine ligands have typical ionic salt composition, unique electronic effects and geometric configurations. In this kind of complex, not only the coordination between metal and ligand exists, but also the strong electron-attracting effect of positive charge and the electrostatic effect of anion and cation, which can produce unique catalytic performance. In recent years, the synthesis of ionic transition metal complexes and their homogeneous catalytic applications have attracted much attention in the field of coordination chemistry and homogeneous catalysis. The ionic salt structure of the ionic transition metal complex allows ionic ionic ligands and their complexes to be strictly locked in the ionic liquid phase when used in combination with room temperature ionic liquid solvents and has the benefit of avoiding ionic ionic ligands and their The loss of the complex, inhibition of its inactivation, and the advantages of recycling, but also become one of the green method homogeneous catalytic solidification. This review summarizes the synthesis of ionic phosphine ligands which are adjacent to the phosphorus atom in phosphine ligands and their corresponding ionic complexes of Rh, Pd, Ru, Pt, Au, Ni and Cu The construction of the material, and describes their application in the homogeneous catalytic reaction.