蒙古人原来过着游牧生活,大群的牛羊和馬是他們的財富;而马由于可做交通运輸和进行战爭的工具,所以他們很重视马匹。在蒙古早期的历史上,曾經有过所謂“羊馬抽分”制,这是蒙古統治者要本族及其所征服各族人民用馬羊等牲畜作为封建貢納的一种剥削形式。当蒙古統治者向外掠夺、进据中原、征服南宋的过程中以及建立元帝国后的一段相当长的时期里,对各族劳动人民的馬匹的搜括則采取了野蛮的掠夺形式,有所謂“和买”、“括馬”(即“拘刷”)以及“牧养”等等。所谓“和买”,就是政府依市价向民间购买馬匹,这在唐、宋时代就存在。元代由于軍事的需 Mongolians used to live in nomadic life, and a large herd of cattle, sheep and horses were their wealth; horses, because of the tools they can use for transportation and war, attach great importance to horses. In the early history of Mongolia, there had been a so-called “ram grading” system, whereby the Mongol rulers wanted their own people and the people they conquered to use as their feudal ghana, such as horses and sheep. During the rather long period of looting by the Mongol rulers and proceeding to the Central Plains and conquering the Southern Song Dynasty and the establishment of the Yuan Empire, the search for the horses of the working people of all ethnic groups took the form of brutal looting. The so-called “ And buy, ”“ horse ”(ie“ detention ”) and“ shepherding ”and so on. The so-called “and buy” is the government to buy horses according to the market price to the people, which existed in Tang and Song dynasties. Yuan Dynasty due to military needs