Strategies based on thermodynamic calculations can be used to overcome the problems associated with oxides encountered in steel plant operations,which can lead to certain difficulties in the process such as clogging of submerged entry nozzle during continuous casting.Approaches to producing high alloy steels by continuous casting have been taken.One of the strategies to avoid the oxidation of chromium is to add a small amount of other elements(subject to other constraints),which do not cause subsequent problems.The problem has been studied using the Thermo-CalcR software,with related databases;and the results obtained for different process conditions or generic compositions have been presented. Strategies based on thermodynamic calculations can be used to overcome the problems associated withoxide encountered in steel plant operations, which can lead to certain difficulties in the process such as clogging of submerged entry nozzle during continuous casting. Approaches to producing high alloy steels by continuous casting have been taken.One of the strategies to avoid the oxidation of chromium is to a small amount of other elements (subject to other constraints), which do not cause subsequent problems. The problem has been studied using the Thermo-CalcR software, with related databases; and the results obtained for different process conditions or generic compositions have been presented.