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为了使句子简洁明快，突出重点，英语常使用“省略句”。在使用省略句时只要不影响句意的表达，能省略的成份可以尽可能地省略。现就近几年高考考点总结如下：
一、 在含有状语从句的复合句中的省略
在下列含有状语从句的复合句中，若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be：由when，while，as soon as, once，whenever引导的时间状语从句；if，unless引导的条件状语从句；though，although，even if，even though引导的让步状语从句；as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句；because引导的原因状语从句；wherever引导的地点状语从句。例如：
Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the street.
Drop in on me if (it is) possible.
历年高考题：
1. When_______different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (2006浙江)
A. compared B. being compared
C. comparing D. having compared
2. When first_______to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (2004全国卷Ⅱ)
A. introducing B. introduced
C. introduce D. being introduced
3. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when_______at the meeting by my boss. (2004全国卷Ⅳ)
A. questioning B. having questioned
C. questioned D. to be questioned
4. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if_______whether he was going in the right direction. (2003安徽春)
A. seeing B. having seen
C. to have seen D. to see
5. Generally speaking, _______according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.(2003上海卷)
A. when taking B. when taken
C. when to take D. when to be taken
6. When_______, the museum will be open to the public next year. (2002上海春)
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
7. Though_______money, his parents managed to send him to university. (2002上海)
A. lacked B. lacking of
C. lacking D. lacked in
8. The research is so designed that once_______nothing can be done to change it. (2002全国)
A. begins B. having begun
C. beginning D. begun
9. When_______help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you”. (2005福建)
A. offering B. to offer
C. to be offered D. offered
Keys： 1. C。when之后省略了we are。2. B。when之后省略了they were。3. C。when之后省略了I was。4. D。as if之后省略了he was going。5. B。when之后省略了it is。6. A。when之后省略了it is。7. B。Though之后省略了they were。8. D。once之后省略了it is。9. D。when之后省略了one is。
二、 在限制性定语从句中的省略
在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that、which、whom可以省略；在以the same
... as和such ... as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略that或in which。
历年高考题：
1. —You are always working. Come on, let’s go shopping.
—_______you ever want to do is going shopping. (2002北京)
A. Anything B. Something
C. All D. That
2. Is this the reason_______at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (2002上海)
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
3. What surprised me was not what he said but_______he said it. (2004湖北)
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
4. It is easy to do the repair. _______you need is a hammer and some nails. (2004天津)
A. Something B. All
C. Both D. Everything
5. That’s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after_______has done for you.(2004全国)
A. something B. anything
C. all D. that
Keys： 1. C。句意：你只知道去购物。2. A。he explained 前省略了that，其中that引导定语从句并作explain的宾语。3. A。the way 前省略了that或in which。4. B。All作need的宾语。5. C。all后省略了that。
三、 省略to与保留to的现象
（1） 在see，watch，hear，feel，observe，notice，listen to等感官动词或短语及make，have，let等使役动词之后的“宾语+不定式作宾语补足语”结构中，不定式前不能加to。例如：
I watched him disappear in the distance.
历年高考题：
In the dream Peter saw himself_______by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start. (2006上海春）
A. chased B. to be chased
C. be chased D. having been chased
简析： 答案是A。see sb. done“看到某人被……”，过去分词作宾语的补足语。
（2） 有时为了避免重复，常省略与上文表达相同意思的不定式to之后的内容，而保留to。
不定式在tell，ask，advise，wish，permit，force等动词后面作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to。
不定式在happy，glad，eager，ready，willing等形容词后面作状语时，可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to。例如：
—I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all, I’d be happy to.
历年高考题：
1. —Does your brother intend to study German?
—Yes, he intends_______. (1998上海)
A. / B. to C. soD. that
2. —Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight?
—_______. (1999上海)
A. Yes, I’d like to go to the Grand Theatre
B. I’d like to, but I have an exam tomorrow
C. No, I won’t
D. That’s right
3. —You should have thanked her before you left.
—I meant_______, but when I was leaving, I couldn’t find her anywhere. (2000北京春招)
A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing to
Keys： 1. B。intend to后省略了study German。 2. B。I’d like to后省略了go to the Grand Theatre。 3. B。meant to后省略了have thanked her before I left。
四、 替代词so / not的替代现象
替代词so / not用于避免重复前面所说过的内容。它可与动词believe, do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think等及 I’m afraid连用。
肯定时： 以上动词都可与so搭配；表示否定时： hope只用I hope not.不说I don’t hope so；think, believe, suppose等词可有两种否定形式，即：I think not.或I don’t think so. 例如：
—Is he going to study abroad?
—I believe so. (so = he is going to study abroad.)
历年高考题：
1. Much of the power of the trade unions has been lost. _______, their political influence should be very great. (2006广东)
A. As a result B. As usual
C. Even so D. So far
2. —You haven’t lost the ticket, have you?
—_______. I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment. (2004江苏)
A. I hope not B. Yes, I have
C. I hope so D. Yes, I’m afraid so
3. —The boys are not doing a good job at all,are they?
—_______. (2003北京春季)
A. I guess not so B. I don’t guess
C. I don’t guess so D. I guess not
4. —I believe we’ve met somewhere before.
—No, _______. (2000北京春季)
A. it isn’t the same B. it can’t be true
C. I don’t think so D. I’d rather not
Keys： 1. C。Even so，即使这样。2. A。根据it’s not easy to get another one at the moment可知说话者很珍惜。3. C。I don’t guess so.相当于I don’t think so.。4. B。It can’t be true. 这不可能是真的。
五、 在if引导的虚拟条件句中
在if引导的虚拟条件句中含有had，were，should时，可以把had，were，should放在句首且省略if。例如：
Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
历年高考题：
1. _______fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006湖北)
A. Would you be B. Should you be
C. Could you be D. Might you be
简析： 答案是B。从句可还原为：If you should be fired，省略了if，故should前置。
2. _______for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. (1995上海)
一、 在含有状语从句的复合句中的省略
在下列含有状语从句的复合句中，若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be：由when，while，as soon as, once，whenever引导的时间状语从句；if，unless引导的条件状语从句；though，although，even if，even though引导的让步状语从句；as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句；because引导的原因状语从句；wherever引导的地点状语从句。例如：
Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the street.
Drop in on me if (it is) possible.
历年高考题：
1. When_______different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (2006浙江)
A. compared B. being compared
C. comparing D. having compared
2. When first_______to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (2004全国卷Ⅱ)
A. introducing B. introduced
C. introduce D. being introduced
3. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when_______at the meeting by my boss. (2004全国卷Ⅳ)
A. questioning B. having questioned
C. questioned D. to be questioned
4. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if_______whether he was going in the right direction. (2003安徽春)
A. seeing B. having seen
C. to have seen D. to see
5. Generally speaking, _______according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.(2003上海卷)
A. when taking B. when taken
C. when to take D. when to be taken
6. When_______, the museum will be open to the public next year. (2002上海春)
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
7. Though_______money, his parents managed to send him to university. (2002上海)
A. lacked B. lacking of
C. lacking D. lacked in
8. The research is so designed that once_______nothing can be done to change it. (2002全国)
A. begins B. having begun
C. beginning D. begun
9. When_______help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you”. (2005福建)
A. offering B. to offer
C. to be offered D. offered
Keys： 1. C。when之后省略了we are。2. B。when之后省略了they were。3. C。when之后省略了I was。4. D。as if之后省略了he was going。5. B。when之后省略了it is。6. A。when之后省略了it is。7. B。Though之后省略了they were。8. D。once之后省略了it is。9. D。when之后省略了one is。
二、 在限制性定语从句中的省略
在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that、which、whom可以省略；在以the same
... as和such ... as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略that或in which。
历年高考题：
1. —You are always working. Come on, let’s go shopping.
—_______you ever want to do is going shopping. (2002北京)
A. Anything B. Something
C. All D. That
2. Is this the reason_______at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (2002上海)
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
3. What surprised me was not what he said but_______he said it. (2004湖北)
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
4. It is easy to do the repair. _______you need is a hammer and some nails. (2004天津)
A. Something B. All
C. Both D. Everything
5. That’s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after_______has done for you.(2004全国)
A. something B. anything
C. all D. that
Keys： 1. C。句意：你只知道去购物。2. A。he explained 前省略了that，其中that引导定语从句并作explain的宾语。3. A。the way 前省略了that或in which。4. B。All作need的宾语。5. C。all后省略了that。
三、 省略to与保留to的现象
（1） 在see，watch，hear，feel，observe，notice，listen to等感官动词或短语及make，have，let等使役动词之后的“宾语+不定式作宾语补足语”结构中，不定式前不能加to。例如：
I watched him disappear in the distance.
历年高考题：
In the dream Peter saw himself_______by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start. (2006上海春）
A. chased B. to be chased
C. be chased D. having been chased
简析： 答案是A。see sb. done“看到某人被……”，过去分词作宾语的补足语。
（2） 有时为了避免重复，常省略与上文表达相同意思的不定式to之后的内容，而保留to。
不定式在tell，ask，advise，wish，permit，force等动词后面作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to。
不定式在happy，glad，eager，ready，willing等形容词后面作状语时，可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to。例如：
—I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all, I’d be happy to.
历年高考题：
1. —Does your brother intend to study German?
—Yes, he intends_______. (1998上海)
A. / B. to C. soD. that
2. —Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight?
—_______. (1999上海)
A. Yes, I’d like to go to the Grand Theatre
B. I’d like to, but I have an exam tomorrow
C. No, I won’t
D. That’s right
3. —You should have thanked her before you left.
—I meant_______, but when I was leaving, I couldn’t find her anywhere. (2000北京春招)
A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing to
Keys： 1. B。intend to后省略了study German。 2. B。I’d like to后省略了go to the Grand Theatre。 3. B。meant to后省略了have thanked her before I left。
四、 替代词so / not的替代现象
替代词so / not用于避免重复前面所说过的内容。它可与动词believe, do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think等及 I’m afraid连用。
肯定时： 以上动词都可与so搭配；表示否定时： hope只用I hope not.不说I don’t hope so；think, believe, suppose等词可有两种否定形式，即：I think not.或I don’t think so. 例如：
—Is he going to study abroad?
—I believe so. (so = he is going to study abroad.)
历年高考题：
1. Much of the power of the trade unions has been lost. _______, their political influence should be very great. (2006广东)
A. As a result B. As usual
C. Even so D. So far
2. —You haven’t lost the ticket, have you?
—_______. I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment. (2004江苏)
A. I hope not B. Yes, I have
C. I hope so D. Yes, I’m afraid so
3. —The boys are not doing a good job at all,are they?
—_______. (2003北京春季)
A. I guess not so B. I don’t guess
C. I don’t guess so D. I guess not
4. —I believe we’ve met somewhere before.
—No, _______. (2000北京春季)
A. it isn’t the same B. it can’t be true
C. I don’t think so D. I’d rather not
Keys： 1. C。Even so，即使这样。2. A。根据it’s not easy to get another one at the moment可知说话者很珍惜。3. C。I don’t guess so.相当于I don’t think so.。4. B。It can’t be true. 这不可能是真的。
五、 在if引导的虚拟条件句中
在if引导的虚拟条件句中含有had，were，should时，可以把had，were，should放在句首且省略if。例如：
Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
历年高考题：
1. _______fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006湖北)
A. Would you be B. Should you be
C. Could you be D. Might you be
简析： 答案是B。从句可还原为：If you should be fired，省略了if，故should前置。
2. _______for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. (1995上海)