中国古代喜欢把画家分成两大类,一类是业余画家,一类是专业画家。业余画家的画被称为文人画,大受追捧,专业画家的画被称为院人画,颇遭诟病。院人,就是对专业的供奉宫廷的院画家的统称。历来院画家和院画被一再贬低的重要理由之一是说院人没有文人有文化。但是据美术史家阮璞研究,院画家的文化水平普遍比文人画家高。而在明代有没有类似宋代的翰林图画院制度?关于这个问题,美术史家一直都有争 In ancient China, the painters were divided into two categories: amateur painters and professional painters. Amateur painter’s paintings are called scholarly paintings and are highly sought after. The paintings of professional painters are called “courtyard paintings” and have been criticized. Courtyard, is the professional name of the Court painter dedicated to the court. One of the important reasons why the painters and courtyard paintings have always been degraded is that there are no literati and literati in the institute. However, according to the study of art historian Ruan Pu, the painter’s cultural level is generally higher than the literati painter. In the Ming Dynasty, there was no similar system of Hanlin paintings in the Song Dynasty. Art historians have always had controversy on this issue