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在日本的法学理论中,立法制度这一概念有广义和狭义之分。狭义的立法制度,仅指宪法所确立的国家唯一的立法机关——国会制定法律规范的制度。这是实行三权分立的日本政治体制中一项基本的制度。而广义的立法制度,则不仅包括国会立法,还包括国会之外一切行使公权力的国家和地方机关在其职权范围内或根据法律的授权,而制定各种法律规范性文件的制度。这些法律规范性文件,虽然名称各异,但是都具有法律规范的性质,在不同的层次上调整着国家的政治、经济、文化、社会生活的方方面面,是国家法律体系中的重要部分。本文以介绍日本整个国家的立法体系为主题,故采用的是广义的立法制度概念。
In the Japanese legal theory, the concept of the legislative system has a broad and narrow sense. Narrow legislative system refers only to the Constitution established by the country’s only legislative body - Congress to develop a legal system. This is a basic system in the Japanese political system in which the separation of powers is implemented. The broad legislative system includes not only the legislature of parliament, but also the system of making various legal normative documents within its own sphere of authority or under the authority of the law by all state and local authorities exercising public power outside the parliament. Although these legal normative documents have different names, they all have the characteristics of legal norms. They adjust various aspects of the political, economic, cultural and social life of the country and are an important part of the national legal system. In this paper, we introduce the legislative system of Japan as a whole nation, and adopt the concept of a broad legislative system.