福柯在《词与物》的前言中引述了博尔赫斯曾提到的“某种中国百科全书”中的动物分类,并由此开始了他全新的哲学思考。中国学者对此做了不少论述和阐释,但思考一般都是从中西差异的角度切入,对福柯持一种批评态度。比如认为福柯过分强调了中国文化的特殊性,强调了中西文化之间的差异性,忽略了文化的普遍性和可交流性,把中国视为与西方全然不同的他者,视为西方的对立物,这是一种猎奇,是一种西方式虚构,甚至是文化上的新殖民主义。本文就是对这些思考的再思考,通过对照博尔赫斯和福柯的著作中体现的思想,考察我们国内流行的观点是否合理有效。 Foucault quotes the classification of animals in Borges’ “Some Chinese Encyclopedia” in the preface to “Ci and Ci” and begins his new philosophical thinking. Chinese scholars have done a lot of discussion and explanation, but the thinking is generally from the perspective of differences between China and the West, hold a critical attitude to Foucault. For example, Foucault overemphasizes the particularity of Chinese culture, emphasizes the differences between Chinese and Western cultures, ignores the universality and communicability of culture, regards China as an entirely different kind from the West and as Western Opposition, this is a curiosity, is a kind of Western fictional, even cultural neocolonialism. This article is a rethinking of these reflections. By examining the ideas embodied in Borges and Foucault’s work, we examine whether our popular views are reasonable and effective.