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相对于微孔金属有机骨架化合物,中孔金属有机骨架化合物的研究大大拓宽了该类材料的应用,尤其是在多相催化、挥发性有机物吸附和药物输送等领域。目前存在的问题主要集中在材料制备环节,尽管可以从分子水平设计出具有合适尺寸的中孔金属有机骨架材料,但是会出现合成过程中骨架结构发生贯穿无法得到中孔,甚至样品活化过程中骨架发生坍塌失去中孔等问题。本文综述了中孔金属有机骨架材料的设计策略与制备方法,如使用长配体、混合配体、表面活性剂辅助及后合成修饰等方法,并对各种制备方法的优缺点进行了总结。简要介绍了中孔金属有机骨架材料在气体存储、多相催化、分子传感、挥发性有机物吸附和药物载体等领域的应用进展,最后展望了该材料的发展前景。
Compared with microporous metal organic framework compounds, the research of mesoporous metal organic framework compounds has greatly broadened the application of this kind of materials, especially in the fields of heterogeneous catalysis, volatile organic adsorption and drug delivery. The existing problems are mainly concentrated in the material preparation process. Although the mesoporous metal-organic framework material with the proper size can be designed from the molecular level, it may occur that during the synthesis process, the skeleton structure will not penetrate into the mesopores and even the skeleton Collapse and lose the hole and other issues. In this paper, the design strategies and preparation methods of mesoporous metal-organic framework materials are summarized, such as the use of long ligands, mixed ligands, surfactant-assisted and post-synthesis modification methods, and the advantages and disadvantages of various preparation methods are summarized. The applications of mesoporous metal-organic framework materials in gas storage, heterogeneous catalysis, molecular sensing, volatile organic compounds adsorption and drug carriers are briefly introduced. Finally, the prospect of this material is prospected.