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本研究观察了冷暴露后大鼠肺泡表面活性物质及血中红、白细胞的变化。48只SD大鼠分对照(N),冷暴露1d(CID)、冷暴露1周(C1W)及冷暴露2周(C2W)四组,每组12只。冷暴露组每天置冷室(-20±2℃)2h。结果:①冷暴露各组肺泡表面活性物质(PS)明显高于对照组(P<0.001),支气管肺泡灌洗液内细胞总数C1D组明显低于对照组(P<0.05),C2W组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。②血中红细胞数在冷暴露后无变化,白细胞数C1D及C1W组明显低于对照组(P<0.01),且C1W及C2W组淋巴细胞相对增多,中性粒细胞相对减少。结果表明,急性冷暴露后(1d)使下呼吸道及血液免疫防御功能降低,冷暴露1周及2周后逐渐恢复,且特异免疫功能增强。冷暴露后PS增多有利于寒冷情况下增加肺顺应性,减少呼吸功能,增加肺的防御功能。
The present study investigated the changes of alveolar surfactant and red and white blood cells in rats after cold exposure. 48 Sprague - Dawley rats were divided into four groups (control, N = 1, CID, C1W and C2W), 12 rats in each group. The cold exposure group was placed in cold room (-20 ± 2 ℃) for 2h everyday. Results: (1) The number of alveolar surfactant (PS) in each group was significantly higher than that in control group (P <0.001). The total number of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in C1D group was significantly lower than that in control group (P <0.05) In the control group (P <0.05). ② There was no change in the number of erythrocytes in the blood after cold exposure. The numbers of white blood cells in C1D and C1W groups were significantly lower than those in control group (P <0.01). The numbers of lymphocytes in C1W and C2W groups were relatively increased while neutrophils were relatively decreased. The results showed that the immune defense function of lower respiratory tract and blood decreased after acute cold exposure (1d), gradually recovered after 1 and 2 weeks of cold exposure, and the specific immune function was enhanced. PS increased cold exposure is conducive to increasing cold lung compliance, reduce respiratory function, increase lung defense.