著名教育家苏霍林姆林斯基指出:“在我看来,教给学生借助已有的知识去获取新知识,这是最高的教学技巧之所在。”(《给教师的建议》第25页)认知心理学认为:学生要获得某种知识,就要把知识同化到已有的认知结构中去。课堂教学要充分考虑学生的身心发展特点,结合他们的生活经验和已有的知识,设计富有情趣的活动,使 The famous educator Sukhore Mlinsky pointed out: “In my opinion, teaching students to use existing knowledge to acquire new knowledge is the highest teaching skill.” (“Suggestions for Teachers” P. 25) Cognitive psychology argues that for students to acquire certain kinds of knowledge, they must assimilate the knowledge into existing cognitive structures. Classroom teaching should take full account of students' physical and mental development characteristics, combined with their life experience and existing knowledge, design interesting activities, so that