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随着人类航天活动日益频繁,由微流星体和空间微小碎片超高速撞击航天器表面反溅生成的溅射物,对空间碎片环境的影响将越来越大。利用2017-T4铝合金球弹丸超高速正撞击5A06铝合金靶板进行了地面模拟实验与数值仿真计算,研究了反溅碎片特性参数,其中包括溅射物的平均速度、平均尺寸、平均溅射角,为空间碎片溅射物模型的建立奠定基础。采用多元回归方法,确定了溅射物平均速度与弹丸速度、弹丸尺寸之间的函数关系。研究表明,利用光滑粒子法(SPH)进行数值仿真计算,可以有效模拟溅射物平均尺寸、平均速度、平均溅射角;溅射物平均速度随弹丸速度、弹丸尺寸的增加而增加;溅射物基本呈圆锥形反溅,溅射物平均溅射角在41°左右,基本不受弹丸速度、弹丸尺寸的影响。
As human space activities become more frequent, splashes formed by the anti-spatter generated by the super-high velocity impact of micro-meteoroids and space micro-fragments on spacecraft surfaces will have greater and greater impact on the space debris environment. Using the 2017-T4 aluminum alloy ball projectile ultra-high-speed positive impact 5A06 aluminum alloy target plate, the ground simulation experiments and numerical simulation calculations were carried out. The parameters of the back-splash debris were studied, including the average velocity, average size, average sputtering Angle, which laid the foundation for the establishment of space debris spatter model. Multiple regression method was used to determine the relationship between the average sputter velocity and projectile velocity and projectile size. The results show that the average particle size, average velocity and average sputtering angle of spatter can be effectively simulated by the numerical simulation of smooth particle method (SPH). The average velocity of spatter increases with the increase of projectile velocity and projectile size. The material was basically conical splashes, spatter average sputtering angle of about 41 °, the basic projectile velocity, projectile size.