如同升船机一样,船闸是为了使船只克服水利枢纽和人工运河上的集中水位落差而兴建的另一种最主要的过船建筑物。它的基本原理是通过灌泄水来调节闸室水位使之与上下游水位相一致,从而将船只从上游(下游)翻过坝(闸),送往下游(上游)。最早的船闸建于15世纪,至今已有几百年的历史。世界上的船闸数量和型式之多,难以统计,单以德国为例,至今巳建船闸总数450—600座之多。船闸的发展经历了四个阶段。最初的船闸均为木结构,尺寸和水头很小。十九世纪开始,船闸应用了圬工结构和钢结构以后才有了一个较大的发展,但水头也只有 Like a ship lift, a ship lock is another of the most important overboat structures built to overcome the gap between concentrated water levels on water projects and artificial canals. Its basic principle is to adjust the water level of the lock chamber to the upper and lower water level by filling the water so as to turn the vessel over the dam (upstream) (downstream) to the downstream (upstream). The earliest locks built in the 15th century, it has been hundreds of years of history. The number and type of shiplocks in the world are hard to count. Taking Germany alone as an example, the total number of shiplocks built so far has been between 450 and 600. The development of ship lock has gone through four stages. The original locks are wooden structure, size and head is small. From the nineteenth century onwards, the ship lock had a great development after it was used in the structure of steelworks and the steel structure, but the head was only