“监察制度在民主国家中,发挥过相当 作用,可是在豺狼当道安问狐狸的局面下, 有什么可为的呢?” ——民国首任监察院长蔡元培语 中国悠久的政治文明史的特色之一是设立了对行政官吏进行纠弹的专门机构,而不同于近代西方政治制度的由议会兼司监察职能。中国古代在大多数情况下,监察官被授予独立的职权,并拥有相当的权威,甚至有的行政官员路遇监察官的轿马便悄然退居路侧。古代监察制度对维护统治权力发生过 “The supervisory system has played a significant role in democracies, but what can be done under the condition that the wolves interrogate the fox?” - The First Chief Superintendent of the Republic of China, Cai Yuanpei, described the long history of Chinese political civilization One is the establishment of a specialized agency for the rectification of administrative officials, unlike the monitoring of the functions of the legislature and the secretary of the modern Western political system. In ancient China, in most cases, the Ombudsman was granted independent authority and considerable authority. Even some officials ran into the sidewalk silently with the Ombudsman. The ancient supervisory system took place to safeguard the power of ruling