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目的脂肪间充质干细胞(adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells,ADMSC)是一类具有多向分化潜能、免疫调控功能和自主更新能力的干细胞。与骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell,BMSC)相比,ADMSC具有脂肪组织来源丰富、提取率高、取材过程痛苦程度低等特点。缺血缺氧性脑病(hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,HIE)致死、致残率极高,但现有的治疗方法临床效果不佳。近年来的研究发现,ADMSC能通过归巢、旁分泌、免疫调节、神经样分化及内源性神经再生等机制减轻脑缺血缺氧引起的神经损伤,有望成为治疗HIE的新方法。本文综述了ADMSC治疗HIE的相关机制和已经开展的临床试验及其存在问题。
Objective ADSCs are a group of stem cells with multidirectional differentiation potential, immune regulatory function and autonomous renewal ability. Compared with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), ADMSC has many advantages such as rich source of adipose tissue, high extraction rate and low degree of pain in the harvesting process. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is fatal and has very high morbidity, but the current treatment is not clinically effective. In recent years, it has been found that ADMSC can alleviate the neurological damage induced by cerebral ischemia and hypoxia by mechanisms of homing, paracrine, immunoregulation, neuroid differentiation and endogenous nerve regeneration, which is expected to become a new method for the treatment of HIE. This review summarizes the mechanisms and clinical trials of ADMSC in treating HIE and its existing problems.