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摘要：英语中的分词是一种非常活跃的非谓语动词形式，它的用法广泛、灵活、复杂、多变，与之相关联的问题较多。这一内容是高中英语教学的重难点。如何能让学生更好更快地掌握这部分内容对师生双方都是棘手的問题。通过多年的教学体会，我认为，首先学生要熟练掌握分词用法的基本规律，尤其是分词与其逻辑主语之间的关系。其次教师可采用归纳法分类总结实用的语法考点，同时运用类比法、转换法对比语言实际运用中的差异，通过相似性及相异性的对比加深学生对知识点的理解与记忆。分词的基础用法在教材和语法书中都有较为详细的论述，但在实际运用中，分词还有不少特殊用法，现就多年总结的分词高频考点的几种特殊用法逐一归纳。
关键词：英语；分词
一、 分词的一般用法
先观察如下例句，理解分词在句中的一般用法，对比之后论述其特殊用法的“特殊”之处。
1. Holding a book in his hand， he came into the classroom.
2. Seen from the hill， the park looks more beautiful.
（分词在句中作状语，看非谓语动词所表达的动作与句子的主语之间的关系：主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词）
3. The computer center， opened last year， is very popular among the students.
4. Tell the children playing in the garden not to pick flowers.
（分词在句子中作定语时，看非谓语动词所表达的动作与被修饰名词之间的关系：主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词）
5. I want to get the washing machine repaired as soon as possible.
6. When I entered the room，I found him reading something aloud.
（分词作宾语补足语： 动词see， watch， hear， observe， notice， feel， find， keep， have， get， leave等后跟复合宾语（名词或代词 非谓语动词）。使用何种分词，取决于非谓语动词与宾语之间的关系：主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词）
7. The news sounds encouraging.
8. We are disappointed with the film.
（分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示被修饰名词的性质；过去分词表示所修饰名词的感受或状态）
二、 分词的特殊用法
以下介绍的几种情况无需按上述规律，无需判断与逻辑主语之间的主动被动关系，具有自身的判断方法。注意与以上所述分词的一般用法进行对比。
（一） 表示情感或心理变化的这类动词。在做定、状、表、补时，通常情况下，只需看与其相关的名词（上述下划线词）。修饰人用现在分词，修饰物用过去分词。常见的动词有please， amuse， surprise， shock， amaze， astonish， bore， encourage， inspire， frighten， scare， terrify， annoy， move， touch， puzzle， confuse， tire， exhaust， interest， worry， disappoint， satisfy， embarrass， excite， thrill等。
例：A： I have finished my 1（bore） examination， marking the beginning of my 2（relax and interest） weekends.
B： Congratulations. Having so much free time， what are your plans for the coming weekends？
A： Having heard a lot about Terry Frost， I want to enjoy it tonight.
B： Good idea. I have seen the film. I am 3（fascinate） with the plots and impressed by the scenes.Its 4（amuse） lines are really 5（entertain）. 6（inspire and encourage） by the leading role， I have more faith in myself to face challenges and difficulties in life.
A： What about its ending？
B： Well， the ending is a little bit sad. But you know， A good story doesnt necessarily have a happy ending， but the audience must be left 7（satisfy）.
A： I couldnt agree more.
1，2，4题做定语修饰examination，weekends，lines均为物，用现在分词。
3，5题做表语，3题修饰I用过去分词，5题修饰its lines用现在分词。 6题做状语，和它相关的名词是句子的主语I，修饰人，用过去分词。
7题做宾补，leave的复合结构，应为leave the audience satisfied，与satisfy相关的名词为the audience修饰人，用过去分詞。
（二） be Ved prep，be Ved to V表示系表结构的短语。在使用时，如其后直接跟prep，或to V，无需判断，作分词的成分，均用过去分词。课文例句：
1. He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
2. We arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him.
3. Based on what you know now， you cant clone animals that have been extinct.
例句中be exposed to sth，be supposed to do sth，be based on均为系表结构短语分别充当定语和状语，其后直接跟to，on，或to bribe，无需判断，作分词的成分，均用过去分词。
同类用法的短语有：be compared to/with， be determined to do sth， be （well） prepared for /to do sth， be addicted to， be lost in， be absorbed in， be/get used to， be/get accustomed to， be located in， be faced with， be devoted to， be known as/for/to， be dressed in， be occupied with/in等。
再观察如下例句：
1. When the little child caught sight of the young woman dressed in white he started brawling immediately. （尽管与the woman之间构成主动关系依然用dressed，以下类同）
2. Seeing the soldiers well prepared for the floodfight， the general nodded with satisfaction.
3. When he came back three hours later， they were still sitting on the sofa， absorbed in conversation.
4. Faced with such difficulty， Jack felt at a loss what to say.
5. Ladies and gentlemen， please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop.
若其后未直接跟prep或to V，按分词的一般用法判断。
Make a comparison between the past participle and the present participle.
1. Devoting his body and soul to bringing uptodate technology and international attention to Chinas Aids problem， Dr David Ho， spent little time with his family.
2. Devoted to his research work， the professor cared little about any other things.
3. Michaels new house is like a huge palace， compared with his old one.
4. When comparing different cultures， we pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
（三） 感官系动词look， sound， feel， taste， smell后常跟形容词做表语，主动表被动。其分词形式的判定遵循此规律。
The flowers smelling sweet in the botanical garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
Tasting nice and delicious， the fried chicken was soon sold out.
The food smells inviting.
（四） 分词的悬垂式结构。通常把它们视为固定形式。
1. 某些表示说话人态度的一些惯用分词表达，它们在用作状语时其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。如：
Generally speaking， women live longer than men. 一般说来，女人比男人活得长。
Judging from what you say， he ought to succeed. 从你的话看，他应当能成功。
Considering the distance， he arrived very quickly. 考虑到路程，他到达得很快。
Taking everything into consideration， you should leave. 考虑到各种因素，你最好离开。
2. 当句子含有先行主语it或there时，有时用作状语的分词短语可以与先行主语不一致。如：
Having so little time， there was not much that I could do. 由于时间很少，我能做的事很有限。
Being French， its surprising that shes such a terrible cook. 她是法国人，但她做饭做得那么糟真是令人感到惊奇。
3. 当分词已转化为介词或连词，此时也无需考虑主语一致问题。如：
Supposing she doesnt come， what shall we do？ 要是她不来我们怎么办？（supposing为连词，意为“假若”）
Given their inexperience， theyve done a good job. 考虑到他们没有经验，这工作已做得很不错了。（given为介词，意为“考虑到”）
4. 当分词暗含的逻辑主语为表示泛指意义的one或you时，也无需考虑主语的一致性问题。
Doing such work， patience is needed. 做这种工作需要耐心。（=When one does such work， patience is needed.）
关键词：英语；分词
一、 分词的一般用法
先观察如下例句，理解分词在句中的一般用法，对比之后论述其特殊用法的“特殊”之处。
1. Holding a book in his hand， he came into the classroom.
2. Seen from the hill， the park looks more beautiful.
（分词在句中作状语，看非谓语动词所表达的动作与句子的主语之间的关系：主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词）
3. The computer center， opened last year， is very popular among the students.
4. Tell the children playing in the garden not to pick flowers.
（分词在句子中作定语时，看非谓语动词所表达的动作与被修饰名词之间的关系：主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词）
5. I want to get the washing machine repaired as soon as possible.
6. When I entered the room，I found him reading something aloud.
（分词作宾语补足语： 动词see， watch， hear， observe， notice， feel， find， keep， have， get， leave等后跟复合宾语（名词或代词 非谓语动词）。使用何种分词，取决于非谓语动词与宾语之间的关系：主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词）
7. The news sounds encouraging.
8. We are disappointed with the film.
（分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示被修饰名词的性质；过去分词表示所修饰名词的感受或状态）
二、 分词的特殊用法
以下介绍的几种情况无需按上述规律，无需判断与逻辑主语之间的主动被动关系，具有自身的判断方法。注意与以上所述分词的一般用法进行对比。
（一） 表示情感或心理变化的这类动词。在做定、状、表、补时，通常情况下，只需看与其相关的名词（上述下划线词）。修饰人用现在分词，修饰物用过去分词。常见的动词有please， amuse， surprise， shock， amaze， astonish， bore， encourage， inspire， frighten， scare， terrify， annoy， move， touch， puzzle， confuse， tire， exhaust， interest， worry， disappoint， satisfy， embarrass， excite， thrill等。
例：A： I have finished my 1（bore） examination， marking the beginning of my 2（relax and interest） weekends.
B： Congratulations. Having so much free time， what are your plans for the coming weekends？
A： Having heard a lot about Terry Frost， I want to enjoy it tonight.
B： Good idea. I have seen the film. I am 3（fascinate） with the plots and impressed by the scenes.Its 4（amuse） lines are really 5（entertain）. 6（inspire and encourage） by the leading role， I have more faith in myself to face challenges and difficulties in life.
A： What about its ending？
B： Well， the ending is a little bit sad. But you know， A good story doesnt necessarily have a happy ending， but the audience must be left 7（satisfy）.
A： I couldnt agree more.
1，2，4题做定语修饰examination，weekends，lines均为物，用现在分词。
3，5题做表语，3题修饰I用过去分词，5题修饰its lines用现在分词。 6题做状语，和它相关的名词是句子的主语I，修饰人，用过去分词。
7题做宾补，leave的复合结构，应为leave the audience satisfied，与satisfy相关的名词为the audience修饰人，用过去分詞。
（二） be Ved prep，be Ved to V表示系表结构的短语。在使用时，如其后直接跟prep，或to V，无需判断，作分词的成分，均用过去分词。课文例句：
1. He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
2. We arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him.
3. Based on what you know now， you cant clone animals that have been extinct.
例句中be exposed to sth，be supposed to do sth，be based on均为系表结构短语分别充当定语和状语，其后直接跟to，on，或to bribe，无需判断，作分词的成分，均用过去分词。
同类用法的短语有：be compared to/with， be determined to do sth， be （well） prepared for /to do sth， be addicted to， be lost in， be absorbed in， be/get used to， be/get accustomed to， be located in， be faced with， be devoted to， be known as/for/to， be dressed in， be occupied with/in等。
再观察如下例句：
1. When the little child caught sight of the young woman dressed in white he started brawling immediately. （尽管与the woman之间构成主动关系依然用dressed，以下类同）
2. Seeing the soldiers well prepared for the floodfight， the general nodded with satisfaction.
3. When he came back three hours later， they were still sitting on the sofa， absorbed in conversation.
4. Faced with such difficulty， Jack felt at a loss what to say.
5. Ladies and gentlemen， please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop.
若其后未直接跟prep或to V，按分词的一般用法判断。
Make a comparison between the past participle and the present participle.
1. Devoting his body and soul to bringing uptodate technology and international attention to Chinas Aids problem， Dr David Ho， spent little time with his family.
2. Devoted to his research work， the professor cared little about any other things.
3. Michaels new house is like a huge palace， compared with his old one.
4. When comparing different cultures， we pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
（三） 感官系动词look， sound， feel， taste， smell后常跟形容词做表语，主动表被动。其分词形式的判定遵循此规律。
The flowers smelling sweet in the botanical garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
Tasting nice and delicious， the fried chicken was soon sold out.
The food smells inviting.
（四） 分词的悬垂式结构。通常把它们视为固定形式。
1. 某些表示说话人态度的一些惯用分词表达，它们在用作状语时其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。如：
Generally speaking， women live longer than men. 一般说来，女人比男人活得长。
Judging from what you say， he ought to succeed. 从你的话看，他应当能成功。
Considering the distance， he arrived very quickly. 考虑到路程，他到达得很快。
Taking everything into consideration， you should leave. 考虑到各种因素，你最好离开。
2. 当句子含有先行主语it或there时，有时用作状语的分词短语可以与先行主语不一致。如：
Having so little time， there was not much that I could do. 由于时间很少，我能做的事很有限。
Being French， its surprising that shes such a terrible cook. 她是法国人，但她做饭做得那么糟真是令人感到惊奇。
3. 当分词已转化为介词或连词，此时也无需考虑主语一致问题。如：
Supposing she doesnt come， what shall we do？ 要是她不来我们怎么办？（supposing为连词，意为“假若”）
Given their inexperience， theyve done a good job. 考虑到他们没有经验，这工作已做得很不错了。（given为介词，意为“考虑到”）
4. 当分词暗含的逻辑主语为表示泛指意义的one或you时，也无需考虑主语的一致性问题。
Doing such work， patience is needed. 做这种工作需要耐心。（=When one does such work， patience is needed.）