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随着核技术的发展和应用,核安全与辐射安全越来越受到重视。本文介绍了核安全与辐射安全的定义和发展历史,由美国三哩岛事故与切尔诺贝利核电站严重事故总结、完善的核安全文化及其作用。分析了核与辐射的安全目标,包括总的目标、辐射防护目标与技术安全目标,核安全与辐射安全的管理责任、纵深防御与基本技术原则,辐射防护的原则及预防和缓解事故的主要方法。
With the development and application of nuclear technology, nuclear safety and radiation safety are gaining more and more attention. This article introduces the definition and history of nuclear safety and radiation safety. It consists of a summary of the serious accidents at Three Mile Island in the United States and the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, a sound nuclear safety culture and its role. The objectives of nuclear and radiation safety are analyzed, including the general objectives, the goal of radiation protection and technical safety, the management responsibility of nuclear safety and radiation safety, the principle of defense in depth and basic technologies, the principle of radiation protection and the main methods for preventing and mitigating accidents .