近年来,各种表面分析仪器的出现,例:离子探针显微分析仪、俄歇电子能谱仪、X射线光电子谱、场致显微镜等.它们的出现一方面推动了凝聚态物理、固体物理、表面科学理论方面的发展,另一方面由于它们的应用也给材料科学的研究灌输了新鲜血液.晶体内部存在着杂质和缺陷,材料的性质对它们极为敏感,所以只有掌握了晶体中杂质和缺陷分布组态与运动规律,才能够理解各种结构敏感性能的物理本质,从而为改善材料技术性能的工作提供牢靠的科学依据. In recent years, the emergence of various surface analysis instruments, such as: ion probe microanalyser, Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field microscopy, etc. Their presence on the one hand to promote condensed matter physics, solid Physics, surface science theory development, on the other hand because of their application to the material science research instilled a new blood.Crystal internal impurities and defects, the nature of the material is extremely sensitive to them, so only master the crystal impurities And the distribution of defects and the rules of motion, can we understand the physical essence of various structural sensitivity properties, so as to provide a solid scientific basis for improving the technical performance of materials.