上消化道出血是指Treitz韧带以上的消化道(即食管、胃和十二指肠)出血。上消化道出血可分为大量出血、显性出血和隐性出血三种。出现循环障碍的征象,包括低血压、心动过速、周围血管收缩和少尿,或在最初24小时内需要补充血液在2,500毫升以上者属于大量出血。显性出血表现为呕血和/或黑便,不需大量补充血液,也不伴有循环障碍。粪便潜血试验阳性,不论伴有贫血与否,均称为隐性出血。 Upper gastrointestinal bleeding refers to the bleeding of the digestive tract (ie, the esophagus, stomach and duodenum) above the Treitz ligament. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be divided into a large number of bleeding, dominant bleeding and occult bleeding three. Signs of circulatory disturbances, including hypotension, tachycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction and oliguria, or massive blood loss requiring more than 2,500 ml of supplemental blood in the first 24 hours. Dominant hemorrhage manifested as hematemesis and / or melena, without substantial blood supply, without circulatory disturbances. Fecal occult blood test was positive, whether accompanied by anemia or not, are known as occult bleeding.