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目的掌握达州市水痘发病强度和流行特征,为制订防控对策及评价实施效果提供准确依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对达州市疾病监测信息管理报告系统的2006—2013年水痘病例进行分析。结果达州市2006—2013年水痘年均报告发病率为9.52/10万,各年度水痘报告发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);男性年均报告发病率为10.96/10万,女性年均报告发病率为8.00/10万,男女报告发病数之比为1.45∶1,男性和女性水痘年均报告发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);0~14岁年龄组水痘报告发病数占86.16%;学生、幼托儿童、散居儿童报告水痘发病数分别占水痘报告发病总数的49.97%、24.91%、18.46%;5、6月报告发病数占全年报告发病数的38.76%。结论学生和学龄前儿童是水痘高发人群,学校和托幼机构是水痘高发场所,春末夏初是水痘高发季节。应加强学校和托幼机构传染病防治管理工作,落实各项预防控制措施;加强卫生宣传和健康教育工作;加强水痘疫情动态监控,准确掌握水痘流行趋势并及时预警;做好水痘暴发疫情的应急处理,有效控制疫情蔓延。
Objective To grasp the incidence and epidemic characteristics of chickenpox in Dazhou and provide an accurate basis for formulating prevention and control measures and evaluating the implementation effect. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the chickenpox cases from 2006 to 2013 in Danyang Disease Surveillance Information Management Reporting System. Results The average annual incidence of chickenpox in Dazhou from 2006 to 2013 was 9.52 / 100 000. The incidence of chickenpox in each year was significantly different (P <0.01). The average annual incidence of male was 10.96 / The reported incidence rate was 8.00 / 100 000, the incidence of male and female reported was 1.45:1, the annual incidence of chickenpox in both men and women was significantly different (P <0.01), and the incidence of chickenpox in the age group of 0-14 years Accounting for 86.16%. The incidences of chickenpox were 49.97%, 24.91% and 18.46% of the total number of reported chickenpox in students, kindergarten children and diaspora respectively. The reported incidence in May and June accounted for 38.76% of the total number of reported cases in the year. Conclusions Students and pre-school children are high-prevalence of chickenpox. School and nursery school are the highest incidence of chickenpox. Spring and early summer are the season of high-frequency chickenpox. Strengthen the prevention and control of communicable diseases in schools and kindergartens, and implement various prevention and control measures; strengthen health promotion and health education; strengthen the dynamic monitoring of the epidemic of chicken pox, accurately grasp the epidemic trend of chickenpox and give timely warnings; and make emergency preparations for the outbreak of chickenpox Treatment, effective control of the spread of the epidemic.