21世纪是充满竞争和活力的时代,企业管理者除了学历、知识、智商等智力因素外,同时还应该具备以下12个方面的非智力因素。一、能够提出和制定适当的工作目标。这个目标既不是定得太高而达不到,也不是太低而感到没有压力,它必须有适度的激励。同时,成熟的管理者知道依照目标的先后次序合理配置好资金、人力、时间等各种资源要素。二、有足够的自信心。一个成熟的管理者懂得不能等到所有事情都清楚之后再作决策,他通常是在资料情况不足的环境中作决策。成熟的企业家对自己做决策和实现的能力必须有足够的信心。害怕做出错误决策而迟迟不做决策,往往会坐失良机。三、能洞察形势。形势是人创造的,也必须由人们来应对。举例来说,有一家大的食品制造集团制定了一项战略,要去收购别的食品公司来增加它的市场份额和利润。它派一个工作组走遍全国去寻找收购对象,最后找到了一家快餐连锁店。工作组对连锁店做了研究并向总裁建议收购该店。收购完成了,然而几年之后,快餐店效益不佳,使集团的利润下降。集团总裁经过仔细考察后发现,快餐连锁店是完全不同于食品制造公司的另一类型的企业。对快餐连锁店来说,获得成功的关键因素是选择适当的店址并在当地挑选和训 The 21st century is full of competition and vitality. In addition to the intellectual factors such as academic qualifications, knowledge and intelligence, business managers should also have the following 12 aspects of non-intellectual factors. First, be able to propose and develop appropriate goals. This goal is neither too high nor too low, neither too low nor stressful, and it must be modestly motivated. At the same time, mature managers know that various resource elements, such as capital, manpower, and time, are reasonably configured in accordance with the order of objectives. Second, there is sufficient self-confidence. A mature manager knows not to wait until everything is clear before making a decision, and he usually makes decisions in an environment where information is not available. Mature entrepreneurs must have enough confidence in their own ability to make decisions and deliver. Fear of making bad decisions and delay in making decisions, often take a missed opportunity. Third, can understand the situation. The situation is created by people and must also be dealt with by people. For example, a big food manufacturing group has come up with a strategy to buy other food companies to increase its market share and profits. It sent a working group traveled the country looking for acquisitions, and finally found a fast food chain. The team studied the chain stores and advised the president about the shop. The acquisition was completed, however, a few years later, the fast food restaurant was not profitable and the profits of the group dropped. After careful examination, the group president found that fast food chains are another type of enterprise that is completely different from food manufacturing companies. For fast food chains, the key to success is choosing the right store and choosing the best