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能量最低原理是自然界中普遍存在的规律,在有机化学当中,自由基的产生、共轭效应和诱导效应,碳正离子的稳定性、亲核取代速率的判断都是能量最低原理的表现形式,也是反应生成物稳定存在的理论依据。实验前,通过对能量最低原理表现形式的分析,可以判断有机合成反应取向和历程,从而避免初试的盲目性以及资源的浪费。
The principle of the lowest energy is a common law in nature. In organic chemistry, the generation of free radicals, the conjugation and induction effects, the stability of carbenium ions and the determination of nucleophilic substitution rate are all the manifestations of the lowest energy principle. It is also the theoretical basis for the stable existence of reaction products. Before the experiment, by analyzing the manifestation of the lowest energy principle, the orientation and course of the organic synthesis reaction can be judged so as to avoid the blindness of the first test and the waste of resources.