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目的了解中国城市学龄儿童超重肥胖流行现状并分析其危险因素。方法于2013年12月-2014年6月,选取石家庄、上海、深圳、兰州、武汉5个城市共3896名小学生进行问卷调查。结果超重肥胖检出率为19.8%,其中超重率为10.6%,肥胖率为9.2%;超重肥胖分布存在年龄、性别、地区差异,男童超重肥胖率(22.8%)高于女童(16.5%)(P<0.01)。校正地域和年龄后,多因素分析结果显示,儿童超重肥胖危险因素:体力活动不足(OR=4.179,95%CI=3.492~5.002)、男童(OR=1.218,95%CI 1.019~1.456)、不爱吃零食(OR=1.346,95%CI=1.047~1.731);而进食速度一般(OR=0.532,95%CI=0.335~0.845)或进食速度慢(OR=0.352,95%CI=0.211~0.586)、不爱吃肉类食物(OR=0.723,95%CI=0.549~0.952)、饮食结构为荤素搭配(OR=0.556,95%CI=0.324~0.965)有助于降低城市儿童超重肥胖发生率。结论以促进儿童体力活动水平、促进健康饮食习惯为目标的干预策略是预防和干预超重肥胖的重点和关键。
Objective To understand the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school-age children in urban areas of China and to analyze the risk factors. Methods From December 2013 to June 2014, 3896 pupils from 5 cities of Shijiazhuang, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Lanzhou and Wuhan were selected for questionnaire survey. Results The detection rate of overweight and obesity was 19.8%, of which the overweight rate was 10.6% and the obesity rate was 9.2%. The distribution of overweight and obesity was different in age, sex and area. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys (22.8%) was higher than that of girls (16.5%), (P <0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that children overweight and obesity risk factors: physical activity is insufficient (OR = 4.179,95% CI = 3.492 ~ 5.002), boys (OR = 1.218,95% CI 1.019 ~ 1.456) (OR = 1.346, 95% CI = 1.047-1.731); while the eating rate was generally lower (OR = 0.532, 95% CI = 0.335-0.845) or slower to eat (OR = 0.352, 95% CI = (OR = 0.586, 95% CI = 0.324-0.965), which was not associated with eating meat (OR = 0.723, 95% CI = 0.549-0.952) Occurrence rate. Conclusion Intervention strategies aimed at promoting children’s physical activity levels and promoting healthy eating habits are the key and key points to prevent and interfere with overweight and obesity.