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熟语是语言中定型的短语和句子,这些成分具有格式和构成成分的固定性、意义的整体性、使用的现成性等特点。中古时期是汉语熟语的多产期,中古熟语的构成有一个特点,即用于表达的词语绝大多数是人们非常熟悉的事物,以身体器官的词语为譬的不少,就近取譬是中古熟语的一大特点。中古熟语使用上的一个特点是成分的重复性,这与熟语的口语性特点有关。在隐喻方式上,中古熟语较多使用相似性隐喻。熟语形成后常常作为一个构式被使用,熟语的构式性质造成了中古熟语结构的不定型性。此外,中古熟语的演变除了符合民众的使用心理、语言的时代特征等常规演变外,也遵循构式的一般演变规律。
The idioms are phrases and sentences stereotyped in the language. These components have the characteristics of the format and composition, the integrity of the meaning, the ready-made nature of the use, and so on. The Middle Ages was the prolific period of Chinese idioms. The composition of medieval idioms is characterized by the fact that the vast majority of the words used to express are things that people are very familiar with, taking the words of body organs as examples, A major feature of idioms. One of the characteristics of the use of medieval idioms is the repetitiveness of the composition, which is related to the colloquial features of the idioms. In the metaphorical way, medieval idioms use more metaphors of similarity. After the formation of an idiom, it is often used as a construct, and the structural nature of the idiom causes the uncertainty of the structure of the old idiom. In addition, the evolution of the medieval idioms in addition to meet the people’s use of psychology, linguistic characteristics of the times and other conventional evolution, but also to follow the general evolution of the law.