科目设置改革是当前进行的新一轮高考改革的热点问题之一。高考科目设置不可能十全十美,只有相对合理的方案。现实的问题是对科目设置尚缺乏深入的研究,具体到考试科目的增或减还缺乏科学的依据。当前在高中学业水平考试基础上进行的高考科目设置改革,一方面需要进行理性分析,比如分析各科目对考生、国家发展的重要性;另一方面还需要进行实证研究,其中高考能力测量结构是最需要研究的理论问题之一。 Subject setting reform is one of the hot issues in the current reform of the college entrance examination. The setting of college entrance examination subjects cannot be perfect, but only a relatively reasonable plan. The real problem is that there is still a lack of in-depth study of the subject setting, and there is no scientific basis for the increase or decrease of test subjects. At present, the reform of the college entrance examination subject on the basis of the high school academic proficiency test requires rational analysis on the one hand, such as analyzing the importance of each subject for candidates and national development; on the other hand, an empirical study is needed, in which the college entrance examination ability measurement structure is One of the theoretical issues that most need to be studied.