妊娠滋养细胞疾病(GTD)是一组以滋养层细胞异常增生为特征的异质性疾病,具有广泛的组织学形态和临床生物学行为,主要包括葡萄胎、侵蚀性葡萄胎、绒毛膜癌(简称绒癌)及胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤,其发病机制尚不明确。近年来,基于分子生物学层面的GTD病因学研究有了新的进展。综述有关细胞遗传、AP-1癌基因、maspin肿瘤抑制基因、抵抗素侵袭因子及环境因素等在滋养细胞疾病发病中的作用。 Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by abnormal proliferation of trophoblast cells, has a wide range of histological morphology and clinical biological behavior, including hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, choriocarcinoma ( Referred to as choriocarcinoma) and placental parts of trophoblastic tumor, the pathogenesis is not yet clear. In recent years, new advances have been made in the etiology of GTD based on molecular biology. This review summarizes the role of cytogenetics, AP-1 oncogene, maspin tumor suppressor, resistin invasion and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of trophoblastic diseases.