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目的探讨引发本院药品不良反应(adverse drug reaction,ADR)发生的主要因素及其特点,为临床合理用药、临床药师开展ADR监测提供参考。方法选取本院2010—2015年上报国家不良反应监测中心的ADR 442例,统计、分析患者性别、年龄、给药途径、药品种类、ADR累及器官或系统、临床表现等。结果静脉给药引起的ADR比例最高,占82.60%;药品类别方面,抗感染药引起的ADR比例最高,占43.56%;由抗感染药引发的ADR有193例,头孢菌素类引发ADR比例最高,占30.91%;ADR所累及的器官或系统以皮肤及其附件损害占首位,占46.38%,其次是消化系统,占15.61%;新的一般的ADR有14例(3.17%),严重的ADR有22例(4.98%),一般的ADR有406例(91.86%)。结论临床应重视ADR监测和报告工作,以促进临床合理用药,减少或避免ADR的发生,进而保障患者用药安全。
Objective To explore the main factors that lead to the occurrence of adverse drug reaction (ADR) and its characteristics in our hospital and provide reference for clinical pharmacists to carry out ADR monitoring. Methods A total of 442 cases of ADR reported to the National Adverse Reactions Monitoring Center from 2010 to 2015 in our hospital were collected. The patients’ gender, age, route of administration, types of drugs, organs or systems involved in ADR, and clinical manifestations were analyzed statistically. Results The proportion of ADR caused by intravenous administration was the highest, accounting for 82.60%. In the drug category, anti-infectives caused the highest proportion of ADR (43.56%), ADR caused by anti-infectives (193 cases) and cephalosporins , Accounting for 30.91%. ADR involved organs or systems with the most damage to the skin and its appendages, accounting for 46.38%, followed by the digestive system, accounting for 15.61%; new general ADRs were 14 (3.17%), severe ADR There are 22 cases (4.98%), the general ADR 406 cases (91.86%). Conclusion Clinical monitoring should pay attention to ADR and report to promote clinical rational use of drugs to reduce or avoid the occurrence of ADR, and then protect the safety of patients.