目的调查医务人员职业暴露发生情况,分析相关危险因素,制定有效的预防控制措施。方法采用回顾性调查方法,对内蒙古医科大学附属医院2011年1月-2015年12月163例医务人员职业暴露报告资料进行统计分析。结果 163例医务人员职业暴露事件中,暴露科室主要集中在普通病房、手术室,分别占74.23%、9.20%;暴露人员护士所占比例最高,占45.40%,其次为实习护士、医生,分别占26.38%和19.02%;工龄以<5年居多,占69.33%;暴露类型针刺伤居首位,占82.82%;发生暴露操作环节前3位为术中、拔针、处理医疗废物,分别占27.61%、19.63%、16.56%;暴露源以乙肝居多,占50.31%。结论健全并完善医务人员职业暴露监测体系,提高医务人员职业防护意识,加强职业安全防护培训,规范诊疗操作,实施标准防护,有助于降低职业暴露发生的风险。 Objective To investigate the occupational exposure of medical staff, analyze the related risk factors and formulate effective preventive and control measures. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to analyze the occupational exposure data of 163 medical staff from January 2011 to December 2015 in the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University. Results Among the 163 medical staff occupational exposures, the exposure departments were mainly concentrated in general wards and operating rooms, accounting for 74.23% and 9.20% respectively. The highest proportion of exposed nurses accounted for 45.40%, followed by nurse practitioners and doctors, accounting for 26.38% and 19.02%, respectively; the length of service was less than 5 years, accounting for 69.33%; the first type of exposure was 82.82%; the first three were surgery, pulling needles and treating medical waste, accounting for 27.61%, 19.63% and 16.56% respectively. The majority of exposure sources were hepatitis B, accounting for 50.31%. Conclusion It is helpful to reduce the risk of occupational exposure by improving and perfecting occupational exposure monitoring system of medical personnel, raising awareness of occupational protection among medical staff, strengthening occupational safety training, standardizing diagnosis and treatment operation and implementing standard protection.