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尽管现代主流经济学将经济人视为只关注个人利益的冷淡个体,但早期西方社会更关注集体利益,功利主义也是源于对集体利益的关注。当然,由于“最大多数人的最大幸福”这一功利主义目标本身存在歧义,从而又衍生出了功利主义的两种不同理解:行为功利主义和规则功利主义。显然,这两种功利主义概念分别为社会科学的不同分支所接受,其中经济学接受了行为功利主义而注重于行为的手段选择,从而最终形成了经济人这一假设。
Although modern mainstream economics regards the economic man as a frigid individual concerned only with personal interests, early Western society paid more attention to the collective interests, and utilitarianism also came from the concern of collective interests. Of course, given the ambiguity inherent in the utilitarian goal of “the greatest happiness of the majority”, two different understandings of utilitarianism emerge: utilitarianism of purpose and utilitarianism of rules. Obviously, the two utilitarian concepts were respectively accepted by different branches of social science, of which economics accepted behavioral utilitarianism and behavior-oriented choice of behavior, which eventually led to the hypothesis of economic man.