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以我国首次空间交会对接为背景,介绍了交会对接任务轨道计算和预报的新特点。针对TG01(“天宫一号”目标飞行器)调相控制期间的中长期轨道预报问题,分析了影响预报精度的多种因素,定量给出了偏航飞行姿态对轨道预报的影响,通过对不同策略预报结果的比较,制定了轨道预报的最优策略;针对SZ08(“神舟八号”飞船)远距离导引期间的短弧定轨,采用适应短弧情况下的定轨策略,分别利用3圈、6圈地基统一S频段和中继卫星数据的定轨位置精度优于50m。
Based on the background of China’s first space rendezvous and docking, this paper introduces the new features of orbit calculation and forecasting for rendezvous and docking missions. Aiming at medium and long term orbit forecast problems during the phase modulation control of TG01 ( “Tiangong No.1 ” target vehicle), many factors influencing prediction accuracy are analyzed and the influence of yaw attitude on orbit forecast is given quantitatively. According to the comparison of the results of different strategy forecasts, the optimal strategy of orbit prediction was established. For the short arc orbit during the long-distance guidance of SZ08 (“Shenzhou 8” spacecraft) The accuracy of the orbit determination based on unified S-band and relay satellite data of 3 laps and 6 laps respectively is better than 50m.