在科学方法论中,在经验概括这个层次上,对于导致问题产生的矛盾状况,可以划分为若干类型。有科学理论和科学事实之间的矛盾,研究客体和研究方法之间的矛盾,各种片面的竞争理论之间的矛盾,抽象和具体之间的矛盾,理论知识的哲学根据和一般科学根据之间的矛盾,科学 In scientific methodology, at the level of empirical generalization, the contradictions that cause the problems can be divided into several types. The contradiction between scientific theory and scientific facts, the contradiction between the research object and the research method, the contradiction between the various one-sided theories of competition, the contradiction between the abstract and the concrete, the philosophical basis of the theoretical knowledge and the general scientific basis Conflict, science